Presidential election:The leader picked in the United States

In each party, there is a competition among the delegates called primaries and caucuses. Each party establishes their own rules to start the competition. The primaries are electoral contest between or among contenders for the nomination of each party and the caucuses are graduated election with the party members voting for delegates to the next level. The level from low to high is the precinct level, the district level, the town or city and then the whole country level. During starting the levels, the candidates of each party are chosen by each party. Another crucial constituents of the electoral system is the elector who are selected by the individual states on the ground of the rule established by each states and represent the number of congressmen and senators in each state. The number of electors are based on the proportionate number to the population of members of the House of Representatives. Then it is a “winner-take-all” situation. That means if a delegate or contender gets most votes of a state, he or she possesses all the votes of the electors in this state. At last, the member of College of Electors from 50 states and the District of Columbia get together and cast their votes for the president and vice-president of the United States. The candidates who get the highest number of votes win.
In this paper, I am really curious about the steps to elect the president of the United States of America, especially the rule called “winner-take-all”. Is this rule works efficiently? Also, I have noticed that the president, in each year election, can only be the Republicans or Democrats, even though there many other parties. So why do the elector or the constituencies who select the electors only vote for the candidates from the Democratic Party or Republican Party. Otherwise, I think the rights divided into several parts which handled by the Congress, the Senate, the House of representatives and the president is the most important factor to keep the presidential election being fair and minimizing the possibility of fraud and to work efficiently.

Haoming Qin